Direction Of Coding And Agency

A decoding identifying clause can be middle or effective:

but an encoding identifying clause is always effective:

An Enclosed Structurally Unrelated Clause

Mr Minter, 'Call me Ted', was  a large, untidy, perpetually smiling man with the look of an astute rabbit.

— John Mortimer Rumpole And The Asylum Seekers

One way to analyse the enclosed clause as structurally related is to take the view from below. Because it is realised as its own tone group (TONALITY) and realised by tone concord with what precedes (TONE), the enclosed clause is realised as if it were in non-defining elaborating relationship with the surrounding clause. Such an interpretation, though, requires treating the clause that projected it as ellipsed.

Language, Material Environment And Cultural Context

'Find' As Attributive Process

'Strike' As Attributive Process

Cf 

Howard Carter was made silent by what he had found

Howard Carter was silenced by what he had found

Circumstantial Attributive Clause With Assignment?

the living area	extends	from the lounge room to the billiard room
Carrier	Process: circumstantial	circumstantial Attribute

the living area	has been extended	from the lounge room to the billiard room
Carrier	Process: circumstantial	circumstantial Attribute

the living area	has been extended	from the lounge room to the billiard room	by the new owners
Carrier	Process: circumstantial	circumstantial Attribute	Attributor

the new owners	have extended	the living area	from the lounge room to the billiard room
Attributor	Process: circumstantial	Carrier	circumstantial Attribute

However, ASSIGNMENT is a system that is restricted to intensive relations. Halliday & Matthiessen (2014: 288):

Both ‘identifying’ and ‘attributive’ clauses of the ‘intensive’ kind have the option of ASSIGNMENT: they may be configured with a third participant representing the entity assigning the relationship of identity of attribution – for example, they in they made Mary the leader and they made Mary happy. In the case of ‘identifying’ clauses, this is the Assigner; in the case of ‘attributing’ clauses, this is the Attributor. In a ‘receptive’ clause, this participant may be left implicit.

If this is true, then it suggests a different analysis of the 'assigned' clauses above.  Given what would be the unmarked present tense, these clauses are material:

• the new owners are extending the living area from the lounge room to the billiard room, not
• the new owners extend the living area from the lounge room to the billiard room.

On this basis, the analyses are reinterpreted as follows:

the living area	extends	from the lounge room to the billiard room
Carrier	Process: relational	circumstantial Attribute

the living area	has been extended	from the lounge room to the billiard room
Goal	Process: material	Extent

the living area	has been extended	from the lounge room to the billiard room	by the new owners
Goal	Process: material	Extent	Actor

the new owners	have extended	the living area	from the lounge room to the billiard room
Actor	Process: material	Goal	Extent

Receptive Attributive Clause

effective: receptive

he	was	said to be	a complete bastard	by those who knew him
Carrier	Process: relational		Attribute	Attributor
Subject	Finite	Predicator	Complement	Adjunct
Mood		Residue

cf. middle

he	was		a complete bastard	according to those who knew him
Carrier	Process: relational		Attribute	Angle: viewpoint
Subject	Finite	Predicator	Complement	Adjunct
Mood		Residue

Halliday & Matthiessen (2014: 349):

The way the voice system works is as follows.  A clause with no feature of ‘agency’ is neither active nor passive but middle. One with agency is non-middle, or effective, in agency. An effective clause is then either operative or receptive in voice. In an operative clause, the Subject is the Agent and the Process is realised by an active verbal group; in a receptive [clause] the Subject is Medium and the Process is realised by a passive verbal group.