'Used To'

 The Finite used to conflates the meaning of a temporal Adjunct with past tense:

'As Usual' vs 'Usually'

as usual serves as a comment Adjunct of the type 'predictable'.

See Halliday & Matthiessen (2014: 191).

The Existence Of Words

'Be' As Material Process

'Lead' As Circumstantial Identifying Process

Attribute As Unmarked Theme

Identifying Clause Without Medium (Identified Token)

Descartes' Reification Of Sensing

An Enclosed Structurally Unrelated Clause

Mr Minter, 'Call me Ted', was  a large, untidy, perpetually smiling man with the look of an astute rabbit.

— John Mortimer Rumpole And The Asylum Seekers

One way to analyse the enclosed clause as structurally related is to take the view from below. Because it is realised as its own tone group (TONALITY) and realised by tone concord with what precedes (TONE), the enclosed clause is realised as if it were in non-defining elaborating relationship with the surrounding clause. Such an interpretation, though, requires treating the clause that projected it as ellipsed.

Intense Emotion Without Graduated Affect

This is an experiential construal of intense emotion but not an interpersonal enactment of graduated affect. This is because AFFECT is the system of enacting a positive or negative appraisal by reference to emotion, and no such appraisal is enacted here. (Any enactment of a judgement by the author of the clause is a separate matter.) 

Material Clause Without Medium

Nominal Group As Qualifier

Embedded Nominal Group As Deictic vs Qualifier

Subject As Marked Theme Of Imperative Clause

Finite/Predicator As Theme Of Declarative Clause

 For Finite/Predicator as Theme, see Halliday & Matthiessen (2014: 98n-9n).

Chemical Symbolism As Metaphorical

It is the grammatical metaphor afforded by chemical symbolism that enables the systematic expansion of the semantics of the field of chemistry, most explicitly in terms of quantified composition. Cf. Halliday & Matthiessen (1999: 288-9):

It is the fact that metaphor multiplies meanings within the semantic system that opens up the possibility of metaphorical chains, with one congruent starting-point and another highly metaphorical end-point (A"' stands for A" stands for A' stands for A; e.g. 'engine failure* stands for 'the failing of an engine' stands for 'an engine failed'). The semantic system is being expanded along the dimension of the metaphorical token-value relation; but the expansion is still within the semantic system itself.

NaCl stands for sodium chloride stands for salt. (Thing+Thing stands for Classifier^Thing stands for Thing.)

Chemical Symbolism vs Chemical Names

Chemical Equations

Decoding H₂O

The Logical Structure Of The Verbal Group

Halliday (1994: 198):

'For' As Minor Process Of Accompaniment

Halliday & Matthiessen (2014: 324):

Accompaniment is a form of joint participation in the process and represents the meanings ‘and’, ‘or’, ‘not’ as circumstantials;

Cognitive Mental Process With Macrophenomenon

cf Halliday & Matthiessen (2014: 256);

'Portray' As Relational Process

In Deploying Functional Grammar (Martin, Matthiessen & Painter 2010: 124), portray is interpreted as a behavioural process, despite it occurring in effective clauses, and despite its Range not being a behaviour.

Targeting Performativity

Polarity In Mood vs Residue

Halliday & Matthiessen (2014: 175):

Finally, we should note that the negative word not occurs in two functions: either it is simply a formal or written variant of the Finite negative element n’t, in which case it is part of the Finite; or it is a distinct modal Adjunct in Mood or Residue. In the latter case it is phonologically salient and may also be tonic…

Stylistic Metaphor

Adverb As Head Of Nominal Group Serving As Manner Circumstance

'Escalate' As Time-Phased Qualitative Process

Adverbial Group Complex As Unmarked Theme

Verbal Group As Head Of Nominal Group

'Together' As Circumstance

Halliday & Matthiessen (2014: 324):

Accompaniment is a form of joint participation in the process and represents the meanings ‘and’, ‘or’, ‘not’ as circumstantials;

Adverb As Head Of Nominal Group

Alternatively: